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'Adaptogens' Promise Plant-Based Remedies For Stress And More, But Do They Work?

In this 2015 photo, a seed pod is seen above a ginseng plant growing in Pennsylvania. (AP Photo/Keith Srakocic)
In this 2015 photo, a seed pod is seen above a ginseng plant growing in Pennsylvania. (AP Photo/Keith Srakocic)

Feeling rundown? Stressed? Anxious? Adaptogens to the rescue, say enthusiasts.

Ashwagandha, rhodiola, ginseng and a variety of mushrooms like cordyceps, reishi and chaga are on most lists of adaptogens—plants that supposedly help your body adapt to stress. (The lists vary because adaptogens aren’t clearly defined.)

“The charm of adaptogens is that they work with your needs specifically, adapting their function to your body’s needs,” explained Amanda Chantal Bacon to wellandgood.com in May 2016. (Bacon is the founder of Moon Juice, one of the biggest brands of adaptogen supplements.)

Charming, indeed. But is there evidence that they work?

Ashwagandha and rhodiola are the most widely studied adaptogens in people. But based on the best evidence, there’s little reason to rush out to your nearest apothecary.

“There’s more animal than human data on adaptogens,” says Rashmi Mullur, an assistant professor of medicine at UCLA with board certifications in endocrinology and integrative medicine. “There’s no strong, high-quality data in people. Most studies are small and of varying quality.”

In one of the better trials, 57 adults with mild to moderate depression were randomly assigned to a placebo, 50 milligrams of sertraline (the generic version of the antidepressant Zoloft), or 340 mg of rhodiola every day. After 12 weeks, symptoms of depression dropped in all groups. And symptoms dropped slightly more in people taking sertraline than either rhodiola or placebo takers, though the difference between groups wasn’t statistically significant. That could be because the study was too small to show a difference between treatments. (It’s also worth noting that antidepressants often only beat a placebo in people with severe depression, which may explain why sertraline didn’t outperform a placebo in this study.)

Do adaptogens combat stress and fatigue by “balancing hormones,” as some websites claim?

“Small studies in humans show that adaptogens like ashwagandha can lower cortisol, the hormone released in response to stress, in the morning,” Mullur explains. “But cortisol fluctuates throughout the day, so a single measurement doesn’t tell you much.”

What’s more, “the idea of balancing our hormones with a supplement is kind of silly,” she adds. “Our bodies have incredibly nuanced mechanisms for balancing hormones. And hormones have different effects all over the body. If you take a supplement that affects a hormonal pathway, you have no way of controlling its effects. It could make your symptoms worse.”

And, Mullur points out, fatigue or stress are rarely due to a hormonal imbalance.

“I try to work with people to address the source and triggers of their stress," she says. "I’m not opposed to using supplements when we have data to support their use, but unless you do something to mitigate or adapt to the stress, just throwing herbal supplements into the mix can muddy the waters.”

Or worse. You could end up doing more harm than good. Ashwagandha, for example, may increase thyroid hormone levels, which could cause fatigue, anxiety, shortness of breath and other problems.

The Bottom Line: Claims that adaptogens fight fatigue, stress or anxiety so far aren’t backed by good human evidence.


This article originally appeared in Nutrition Action, the newsletter of the nonprofit Center for Science in the Public Interest. It is re-posted here with permission.

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