Mine Disaster Answers Still Months Away
Federal mine safety officials urged caution Wednesday in the wake of conflicting reports about the investigation of the April coal mine disaster in West Virginia that left 29 mineworkers dead.
"There has not been enough evidence and information amassed yet to make any kind of determinations as to the cause of the disaster," said Joe Main, assistant secretary of labor for mine safety and health, in a conference call with reporters Wednesday.
Main spoke the morning after a private briefing for the relatives of victims of the massive explosion at the Upper Big Branch coal mine.
Frustration
That briefing at the National Mine Health and Safety Academy outside Beckley, W.Va., was attended by about 60 lawyers and family members, including Sherry Mullins Scurlock, whose brother Rex died in the tragedy.
"Everyone leaves these meetings frustrated," Scurlock said. "You're sitting in these meetings and your insides are just going crazy because you want to know what happened but still there's no answer, [no] definitive answer to what happened."
Spurlock and other victims' relatives have been given official information in occasional briefings that are weeks apart. The weeks in between have been filled with leaks about the official investigation and a concerted effort by Upper Big Branch mine owner Massey Energy to present its own theory about the tragedy.
Massey's Explanation
Massey officials conducted a family briefing of their own on Aug. 2 and said the blast may have been caused not by neglect nor production pressure nor a criminal act, but by a natural event, a massive influx of methane through a giant crack in the mine's floor. Much of what federal officials said in their briefings this week attempted to counter the Massey view of possible causes of the explosion.
"I have seen nothing to represent a crack that large nor have I talked to anybody that has," Main said.
Kevin Stricklin of the federal Mine Safety and Health Administration said that pinning the blast on a methane outburst would not relieve Massey of responsibility.
"Explosions are preventable," Stricklin said, and he then listed measures that would guard against a methane outburst, including:
-- proper ventilation of the mine so methane is swept away
-- equipment protection that guards against sparks that could ignite methane gas
-- regular company inspections of the mine so that flaws can be addressed
-- spreading limestone "rock dust" over explosive coal dust so that an ignition of methane does not become a massive explosion
"Those are four key components that we stand by, and we don't think explosions need to occur anywhere," Stricklin said.
Massey Energy has also said that methane monitors recovered from the mine so far and tested by investigators have shown no signs of "bridging," a dangerous and illegal practice in which the safety devices are disabled. Two participants in the testing who are independent of Massey Energy agree.
Federal Response
But Stricklin said there are many ways to disable methane monitors.
"We can't confirm that [the monitors haven't] been tampered with and that's the position that we've taken," Stricklin said. "We have a lot more testing that we need to do. We're not accusing anyone of anything but we basically want to rule everything out before we can say they weren't tampered with."
Stricklin and Main were repeatedly asked by reporters why they give Massey Energy the room to speculate, to fill the information void between briefings.
At first, Main answered this way: "I cannot be responsible for what Massey decides to do to release this information."
But when pressed further about the dearth of information from the federal mine safety agency, Main added: "It's a little bit difficult to dribble out information that you really don't know what it means yet, that may cause more confusion than clarity here.
"And what we're trying to do is pull this information together to show what it means."
Massey Energy responded to the federal mine safety briefings with news releases and photographs purportedly backing the company's claim that the cracks exist and that the methane outburst theory is valid.
"The crack, along with other potential sources in the mine, need to be fully examined by company, federal and state investigators as they continue the ongoing probe into the UBB mine accident," said Shane Harvey, Massey Energy's vice president and general counsel.
Methane Monitors
Harvey also addressed the issue of tampering with methane monitors in a statement to NPR.
"It is not too early to conclude that the methane monitors on the longwall have not been tampered with," Harvey said. "State officials have reached that conclusion."
Scurlock says she's skeptical of what Massey says but scours the news and the Internet and the meetings for "any drop of information that we can get because we want to know exactly what happened to Rex."
Main and Stricklin did release some new information. They reported 166 interviews with witnesses so far and said they would soon partner with West Virginia investigators to use their subpoena authority to compel testimony from Massey mine managers and executives.
They said about half of the vast disaster zone had been mapped and that access to key areas was hampered by flooding. Investigators have collected 250 pieces of physical evidence and 1,800 samples of "rock dust." Analysis of "rock dust" from the mine will help determine whether the explosion was fed by dangerous accumulations of coal dust. The Upper Big Branch mine has been cited for that in recent years.
Main also said public hearings will be held soon to consider the evidence gathered to date.
A separate criminal investigation is also under way and a federal grand jury in Charleston, W.Va., has been interviewing Upper Big Branch miners about reports of tampering with methane monitors.
Families Gather
Outside the auditorium where the family briefing was held Tuesday night, about 15 pickup trucks, vans and SUVs in the parking lot provided stark reminders of the tragedy.
Each contained decals on rear windows depicting crosses and a pick and shovel. Many included a silhouette of a miner crawling on hands and knees with a headlamp leading the way. And eight carried names, after the words, "In Memory of My Dad" or "In Memory of Our Son."
A black Chevy pickup had the decals on its tailgate, along with the words, "In Memory of My Brother, Rex L. Mullins, 2/1/60 - 4/5/10."
"It is for him not to be forgotten," explains Scurlock, her voice breaking as she talks. "He went into that mine to provide for his family. It's for the memory of him."
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MICHELE NORRIS, host:
It's been four months since that deadly coal mine explosion in West Virginia, but federal mine safety officials say they're still months away from pinpointing a cause. They briefed relatives of the 29 victims last night, and then reporters this morning.
NPR's Howard Berkes has this story from Beckley, West Virginia.
HOWARD BERKES: The briefing for the families last night was private, so the only reporter there was relegated to the parking lot. And many of the pickups, SUVs and sedans had something in common: white decals with a cross, a pick and a shovel, a miner crawling on hands and knees with a headlamp showing the way, and these words: In memory of our son; in memory of my brother; in memory of my father.
There were 15 different vehicles with eight different names, including Rex Mullins. His sister Sherry told me this morning by phone about the briefing with federal officials last night.
Ms. SHERRY MULLINS SCURLOCK: Everyone leaves these meetings frustrated. You're sitting in these meetings, and your insides are just going crazy because you want to know what happened but still, there's no answer - definitive answer about what happened.
BERKES: Part of the frustration is this: The weeks between the briefings are filled with leaks from the investigation, and a concerted effort by mine owner Massey Energy to present its own theory about the tragedy. Massey briefed selected family members last week, and said the blast may have been caused not by neglect nor production pressure, but by a natural event: a massive influx of methane through a giant crack in the mine's floor.
Federal mine safety chief Joe Main said in the teleconference today he's not aware of such a crack.
Mr. JOE MAIN (Assistant Secretary, Mine Safety and Health Administration): I have seen nothing to represent a crack that large, nor have I talked to anybody that has.
BERKES: Massey has also claimed that the methane monitors recovered from the mine show no signs of electronic disabling. And testing of the devices indicates Massey is right, according to West Virginia's lead investigator and another witness to the tests.
But federal coal mine safety chief Kevin Stricklin told the families and the reporters other kinds of tampering may have occurred.
Mr. KEVIN STRICKLIN (Administrator, Mine Safety and Health Administration): Right now, we can't confirm that it hasn't been tampered with, and that's the position that we've taken. We have a lot more testing that we need to do. We're not accusing anyone of anything, but we basically want to rule everything out before we can say that they weren't tampered with.
BERKES: Stricklin and Main were repeatedly asked by reporters why they give Massey Energy the room to speculate, to fill the information void between briefings.
Main first answered this way.
Mr. MAIN: I cannot be responsible for what Massey decides to do to release this information.
BERKES: But when pressed further about the dearth of information from the federal mine safety agency, Main added this.
Mr. MAIN: It's a little bit difficult to dribble out information that you really don't know what it means yet - that, you know, may cause more confusion than clarity here. And what we're trying to do is go through this in a process to try to pull this information together, to show what it means.
BERKES: And again today, Massey Energy added to the dribble. The company released photos of cracks in the mine floor, said a methane outburst was still a possibility, and declared there was no tampering with the methane monitors inspected so far.
Sherry Mullins Scurlock says she's skeptical of what Massey says, but scours the news and the Internet and the meetings for...
Ms. SCURLOCK: Any drop of information that we can get 'cause we want to know exactly what happened to Rex.
BERKES: The family knows where miner Rex Mullins died, and they have some sense of how. But why is still a mystery.
Federal mine safety officials say the search for information will soon include subpoenas for interviews with mine managers and executives from Massey Energy.
Howard Berkes, NPR News, Beckley, West Virginia. Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright National Public Radio.
