Rancor Over Mosque Could Fuel Islamic Extremists

An opponent of an Islamic cultural center and mosque planned near ground zero in Lower Manhattan holds a sign during a demonstration Sunday in New York. Activists both for and against the proposed Park51 project rallied supporters near the proposed building site. (Getty Images)

By Dina Temple-Raston, NPR

Experts worry the controversy surrounding an Islamic center near ground zero in Lower Manhattan is playing right into the hands of radical extremists.

The supercharged debate over the proposed center has attracted the attention of a quiet, underground audience — young Muslims who drift in and out of jihadi chat rooms and frequent radical Islamic sites on the Web. It has become the No. 1 topic of discussion in recent days and proof positive, according to some of the posted messages, that America is indeed at war with Islam.

"This, unfortunately, is playing right into their hands," said Evan F. Kohlmann, who tracks these kinds of websites and chat rooms for Flashpoint Global partners, a New York-based security firm. "Extremists are encouraging all this, with glee.

"It is their sense that by doing this that Americans are going to alienate American Muslims to the point where even relatively moderate Muslims are going to be pushed into joining extremist movements like al-Qaida. They couldn't be happier."

Like The YMCA

Supporters of the center chant slogans and carry signs during the Sunday demonstration.

As originally conceived, the idea behind the Islamic Center in downtown Manhattan seemed simple enough. The brainchild of Imam Feisal Abdul Rauf and his wife, Daisy Khan, the building was supposed to be like a YMCA — only it would be Muslim, not Christian, and it would contain a small mosque. It would be a small office tower, not a building with minarets, about two blocks from where the World Trade Center towers once stood.

"There will be a 500-seat auditorium; there will be a swimming pool; there will be athletic facilities; there will be cooking classes," Daisy Khan told ABC's This Week on Sunday. "There would be education forums, conferences and basically it would become a place where ideas can be exchanged but tolerance, mutual respect can be extended."

While Khan was explaining her vision on a Sunday talk show in Washington, foes and supporters of the center were lined up just outside 51 Park, where the center is supposed to go up, hurling insults at each other — both verbally and visually.

Angry Protests

"USA, USA, USA," one group began. "No clubhouse for terrorists," taunted one sign. "When did it become OK to be a bigot and a racist again?" shouted another. The police did their best to keep the two sides on opposite sides of the street.

While that's how the debate has played out publicly for weeks -– pundits and politicians on the news shows and protesters on the sidewalks — out in the blogosphere, in password-protected radical web forums, there has been an altogether different view.

All this controversy and vitriol are not only encouraged; they're welcomed. Extremists and radical clerics posted a stream of "I told you so" messages: After years of telling followers that Islam was under attack by the West, the harsh reaction to a simple community center seemed to prove it.

That message, transmitted in a multitude of chat rooms and websites, has law enforcement worried. There have been a record number of homegrown terrorist plots in this country since late last year, and the conventional wisdom has been that the long wars in Iraq and Afghanistan have moved some young Muslims — many of whom came of age watching U.S. forces fighting in two wars on television — to join the fight.

A War On Islam?

This year alone, the FBI has intercepted nearly a dozen young American Muslims who allegedly were on their way to terrorist training camps in Pakistan or Somalia. They have come in all shapes and sizes and ages. But in nearly every case, the young men said America's so-called war on Islam was one of their big reasons for deciding to leave. The Bush administration mantra had been that the U.S. was at war with al-Qaida, not Islam. And the Obama administration has echoed that call; but somehow that has been muffled in the current debate.

Intelligence officials tell NPR that what has struck them about the young Muslims they have intercepted this year is that every last one of them has claimed to be inspired by one man in particular: an Internet cleric named Anwar al-Awlaki. He's the American-born radical imam who has been linked to the Fort Hood shootings and the failed attempt to blow up a Detroit-bound airliner on Christmas Day.

Yemeni Cleric

Awlaki is thought to be hiding out in southern Yemen as a member of al-Qaida's arm there, and U.S. intelligence believes he has moved out of his role as the group's propagandist into a more operational job.

That doesn't mean his words have lost their punch. They have been immortalized on the Internet. In some cases, the young men who have decided to leave the U.S. for terrorist camps abroad told investigators that they merely followed Awlaki's lectures. In other cases, Awlaki allegedly actually corresponded with them, exchanging e-mails and extending invitations to come to Yemen.

Earlier this summer, Awlaki made clear he was drawing a bead on disaffected American Muslims in particular. He released a 12-minute video that included, among other things, a direct appeal to them.

"To the Muslims in America, I have this to say: How can your conscience allow you to live in peaceful co-existence with the nation that is responsible for the tyranny and crimes committed against your own brothers and sisters?" he began. "How can you have your loyalty to a government that is leading the war against Islam and Muslims?"

Consequence Of Debate

It is this last bit, about loyalty to a government leading the war against Islam, that finds some traction in the current debate over the Lower Manhattan mosque, says Brian Fishman, a counterterrorism research fellow at the New America Foundation. He's been tracking Awlaki for years and is concerned that the latest controversy over the Islamic center will end up making Awlaki look prescient.

"Over the past nine to 12 months, Anwar al-Awlaki has tried to promote this notion that the West, and particularly the United States, will turn on its Muslim citizens," Fishman said. "And some of the anti-Islamic tone that has been going around the country in connection with the mosque debate feeds into this notion that people like Anwar al-Awlaki can take advantage of."

Given the highly charged environment, that notion is unlikely to change anytime soon.

Transcript

LINDA WERTHEIMER, host:

The highly charged debate over the proposed Islamic Center in Lower Manhattan has attracted the attention of young Muslims who visit Islamic Web sites and post messages in jihadi chat rooms.

NPR's Dina Temple-Raston reports some experts worry the controversy plays into the hands of extremists.

DINA TEMPLE-RASTON: As originally conceived, the idea behind the Islamic Center in downtown Manhattan seemed simple enough.

Ms. DAISY KHAN (Executive Director, American Society for Muslim Advancement): Well, there will be a 500-seat auditorium. There will be a swimming pool. There will be athletic facilities. There will be cooking classes.

TEMPLE-RASTON: That's Daisy Khan on ABC's "This Week." She's the wife of the imam in charge of the proposed center. She envisioned the 13-floor building like a YMCA, except it would be Muslim and would include a small mosque.

Ms. KHAN: Education, forums, conferences, and it's basically become a place where ideas can be exchanged, but tolerance, mutual respect can also be extended.

TEMPLE-RASTON: Instead, what Daisy Khan got was this...

Unidentified Man: I mean, we will never, ever allow this mosque to be (unintelligible)...

TEMPLE-RASTON: Dueling demonstrations on Sunday outside Park 51, the proposed site for the center.

Unidentified Man: (unintelligible) hands and knees and (unintelligible). When it comes to respect (unintelligible).

TEMPLE-RASTON: Hundreds of people showed up. Families of the 911 victims called the center an affront to what they considered hallowed ground. Construction workers vowed not to help build it. Civil liberties groups chanted about religious tolerance. And the police did their best to keep the two sides on opposite sides of the street.

That's how the debate is playing out publicly. Out in the blogosphere, in password-protected Web forums run by extremists, there's a different view. All this controversy is welcomed. Extremists and radical clerics - including one who has become kind of a bug-light of sorts, attracting young American jihadis - have posted a stream of I-told-you-so messages. They've long claimed that Islam was under attack by the West. The violent reaction to the center, they say, now proves it.

Mr. EVAN KOHLMANN (Flashpoint Global Partners): This, unfortunately, is playing right into their hand and, as such, they are encouraging it, with glee.

TEMPLE-RASTON: Evan F. Kohlmann tracks jihadi websites and chat rooms for Flashpoint Global Partners, a New York-based security firm. He says that extremists couldn't have scripted events any better, and they've made clear that they hope the debate rages on.

Mr. KOHLMANN: It's their sense that by doing this that Americans are going to alienate American Muslims to the point where even relatively moderate Muslims are going to be pushed into joining extremist movements like al-Qaida.

TEMPLE-RASTON: And that worries law enforcement. There have been a record number of homegrown terrorist plots in this country since late last year. Officials say the long wars in Iraq and Afghanistan have moved some young Muslims to join the fight. So far this year, the FBI's intercepted nearly a dozen young American Muslims allegedly on their way to terrorist training camps in Pakistan or Somalia. And in nearly every case, the young men said America's so-called war on Islam was one of their reasons for leaving.

And intelligence officials say that every young Muslim they've intercepted this year has claimed to be inspired by one man, an Internet cleric named Anwar al-Awlaki.

Mr. ANWAR AL-AWLAKI (Internet Cleric): To the Muslims in America, I have this to say...

TEMPLE-RASTON: Awlaki, the radical cleric linked to the Fort Hood and Christmas Day attacks, made a direct appeal to American Muslims earlier this summer.

Mr. AWLAKI: How can you have your loyalty to a government that is leading the war against Islam and Muslims?

Mr. BRIAN FISHMAN (Counterterrorism Research Fellow, New America Foundation): I am Brian Fishman. I'm a counterterrorism research fellow at the New America Foundation.

TEMPLE-RASTON: Fishman has been tracking Awlaki for years, and he says the latest controversy over the Islamic Center has made Awlaki look prescient.

Mr. FISHMAN: Over the past nine to 12 months, Anwar al-Awlaki has tried to promote this notion that the West, and particularly the United States, will turn on its Muslim citizens. And some of the anti-Islamic tone that has been going on around the country in connection with the mosque debate feeds into this notion that people like Anwar al-Awlaki can take advantage of.

TEMPLE-RASTON: Given the highly charged environment, that notion is unlikely to change anytime soon.

Dina Temple-Raston, NPR News, New York.

(Soundbite of music)

WERTHEIMER: You're listening to MORNING EDITION, from NPR News. Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR.

Related NPR Stories:

Transcript