Prospects for Chipman's confirmation in the narrowly divided Senate are uncertain. ATF has been without a permanent director since 2015.

Biden has been under pressure to act to curb gun violence after last month's shootings in Boulder and at several Atlanta-area businesses that killed eight people, six of whom were women of Asian descent.

As a member of the Senate, Biden was in the forefront of passing measures regulating guns, including a ban on sales of assault-style weapons and the Brady law, which instituted a nationwide system of background checks.

But as president, Biden has been relatively cautious, calling on the Senate to pass House-approved measures expanding background checks and giving the FBI more time to process them, but he has been prioritizing other actions, such as a COVID-19 relief bill and his infrastructure and jobs plan.

The infrastructure proposal contains some $5 billion to prevent community-based violence.

Biden reiterated his call for the Senate to act on the House bills on Thursday, but it's not clear the measures have a simple majority there, much less the 60 votes they would need to overcome a Republican filibuster. Biden said members of Congress have "offered plenty of thoughts and prayers" but have failed to pass any legislation.

"Enough prayers," Biden said. "Time for some action."

Susan Rice, Biden's domestic policy adviser, told NPR's Juana Summers that Thursday's actions are "initial steps."

"This is not the end of what this administration will do," Rice said, "but we thought it was very important for the president to come out early, within the first 100 days of his administration, to make clear ... that this remains a very significant priority for the administration."

Fatimah Loren Dreier of the Health Alliance for Violence Intervention was at the White House announcement Thursday. She praised Biden's actions.

"He called out, forthright, that violence is a public health crisis and that it disproportionately impacts Black and brown communities," she said. "He named that violence is the leading cause of death for Black boys and men, and the second leading cause of death for Latino boys and men. That matters. It's important for the country to know that violence is a public health emergency and we need to see it as such."

Sen. Pat Toomey, R-Pa., who co-authored legislation with Sen. Joe Manchin, D-W.Va., that sought to expand background checks after the 2012 Sandy Hook Elementary School shootings, said that he appreciated Biden's "expressed willingness" to work with lawmakers from both parties.

"If done in a manner that respects the rights of law-abiding citizens, I believe there is an opportunity to strengthen our background check system so that we are better able to keep guns away from those who have no legal right to them," Toomey said.

Biden said none of his actions "impinges on the Second Amendment," but gun rights advocates are likely to challenge the new restrictions in court.

Amy Hunter, a spokeswoman for the National Rifle Association, said in a statement that Biden's proposals "could require law-abiding citizens to surrender lawful property and enable states to expand gun confiscation orders. The NRA will fight this nomination and ill-conceived executive actions."

Copyright NPR 2021.